In this 5 part blog series on Biodiesel Production, we will discuss the following 5 areas over the next 5 weeks: Chemistry Degumming Esterification Transesterification Purification When starting with crude degummed oils that have not been alkali refined, then step one is usually performed by the crusher and steps 2, 3 and 4 by our Biodiesel Technology. 1. … [Read more...]
What is the Future of the Nelson-Farrar Cost Indexes?
The Nelson-Farrar Cost Indexes The Nelson-Farrar Cost Indexes were started by Dr. W. L. Nelson and Dr. Gerald L. Farrar. The indexes were calculated and published in every issue each month by the Oil & Gas Journal and with quarterly summaries in the January, April, July, and October issues. The indexes were originally named the Nelson Cost … [Read more...]
Dust Flammability – Part 2 of 3 in a Series on Explosions
Dust Flammability In this second part in our Series on Explosions and Flammability we will discuss Dust Flammability. The dust pentagon below shows that there are five (5) elements necessary for a dust deflagration to occur. Dust Flammability Pentagon Combustible dust Oxidant Ignition source Dispersion of dust Confinement of dust Although … [Read more...]
Mini Refineries for Emerging Economies and Remote Locations
Modular mini refineries are best utilized in emerging economies and in remote locations where gasoline, diesel and fuel oil are needed. The local crude oil is normally your lowest cost feed stock because the transportation costs are minimized. Mini refineries with heavy crudes and low API gravity produce more fuel oil and less naphtha and diesel. Light crudes with high API … [Read more...]
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)-An Alternative to Sulfur Production
Introduction Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) solution is an alternative product to sulfur from hydrogen sulfide. Much hydrogen sulfide ends up on solid bed medias such as iron sponge or Sulfatreat®. This is disposed of in landfills. These processes are justified in most cases. Depending on your production rate of hydrogen sulfide, a Claus Unit may be just what you need. … [Read more...]